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The enormity of the lexical pool, the range of frequencies from 60,000 per million down to 1 per million and below, and the wide range of different linguistic constructions, when considered from the point of view of sampling theory, makes it clear that the necessary representative experience for fluency must be vast indeed. This is also the case for first language acquisition as it has been shown that native English speakers take less time to produce the past tense form of frequent irregular verbs (e.g., went) compared to less frequent irregular verbs (e.g., slung) (Prasada, Pinker, et al., 1990 Seidenberg & Bruck 1990).Įllis (2002) summarizes the importance of input frequency in language acquisition thus:įor language learners to be accurate and fluent in their generalizations they need to have processed sufficient exemplars that their accidental and finite experience is truly representative of the total population of language of the speech community in terms of its overall content, the relative frequencies of that content, and the mappings of form to functional interpretation. Ellis (2002) has reviewed how several aspects of language acquisition, including phonology, orthography, vocabulary, morphology, and syntax, depend on the frequency of exposure. In addition, there is increasing evidence that the amount of input, that is, the frequency with which various forms of language are encountered is an important determining factor in SLA. That is, in order for spoken and/or written competence in a FL to be acquired, the language must be encountered in spoken and/or written form. While there is disagreement among second language acquisition (SLA) researchers and theorists concerning many aspects of SLA, there is quite broad consensus on the obvious importance of input in acquiring a FL. 1) We cannot ignore the fact that learners need access to abundant amounts of comprehensible input in order for acquisition to happen.

In fact, no model of second language acquisition does not avail itself of input in trying to explain how learners create second language grammars (Gass, 1997, p. The concept of input is perhaps the single most important concept of second language acquisition.

How to prevent video buffering with enounce my speed movie#

8.4.4 Movie Screenplays (Scripts) and Transcripts.

How to prevent video buffering with enounce my speed software#

How to prevent video buffering with enounce my speed serial#